Bahrain was the first place on the Arabian side of the Gulf where oil was found, and the First Oil Well below Jabal al Dukhan has operated since 1932. The industry is still organised around Bapco Energies, the government holding company whose portfolio includes Bapco Refining, Bapco Upstream, which stewards the Bahrain Field, Bapco Gas, and the shipyard ASRY. The refinery sits at Sitra, on an island south of Manama, and has been in operation since 1936, making it the oldest refinery in the Gulf.
Bapco Energies has been modernising the refinery through the Bahrain Modernization Programme, which it describes as the largest energy investment in the country, with the final capacity of the Sitra refinery announced as 405,000 barrels a day. A project of this size brings in construction, commissioning and turnaround contractors, many of whom need site-induction level fire, first aid, permit to work and H2S training as a baseline.
The offshore link is mainly across the water. Abu Safah is an offshore field in the Gulf shared between Saudi Arabia and Bahrain and jointly owned by Saudi Aramco and Bapco, with Aramco as operator. Bahrain has also offered offshore exploration blocks around the main island, though its onshore oil output remains small. Crew who move between Bahrain and the Saudi side, and those at the ASRY yard working on rigs, tend to be asked for offshore survival certificates.
ASRY, founded in 1977 and based at Hidd, repairs and converts ships, rigs and naval vessels, and its facilities include a 500,000 dwt drydock. Jack-up rigs bound for drilling campaigns elsewhere have been upgraded there. People working on rigs at a repair yard are often asked for the same offshore safety certificates as rig crew, even when the rig is alongside. Khalifa Bin Salman Port, also at Hidd and operated by APM Terminals, adds container, ro-ro and general cargo work.
Sitra refinery
Bapco's refinery on Sitra island, in operation since 1936; capacity is being raised to 405,000 barrels a day under the modernisation programme.
Bahrain Field
Onshore field stewarded by Bapco Upstream, where the first oil well was drilled in 1932.
Abu Safah
Offshore field shared between Saudi Arabia and Bahrain, jointly owned by Saudi Aramco and Bapco and operated by Aramco.
ASRY, Hidd
Ship, rig and naval repair yard founded in 1977, with a 500,000 dwt drydock.
Khalifa Bin Salman Port
Deep-water commercial port at Hidd, opened in 2009 and operated by APM Terminals.
King Fahd Causeway
28 km road link between Bahrain and Saudi Arabia, relevant to crew who live in Bahrain and work in the Eastern Province.